Botanical Latin
Decriptions and Diagnoses
Translated and Parsed



a project of
V. F. Thomas Co. - P. O. Box 84 - Hulls Cove, Maine  04644
info@vfthomas.com


updated: 11 December 2024)




A description gives one or more character states of one or more characters for a taxon. Taxa below are species.

A diagnosis compares a new taxon (here, a species) with a known one (i.e., one that has been previously described or diagnosed.

Names used below Species names below that are links are the current names. Names that are not links are those that were given when the species were originally named/described. Following each unlinked name is a reference/link to the current name.

Comments and corrections are welcome and should be sent to info@vfthomas.com. Thanks.





Links to translations of botanical Latin diagnoses and descriptions of species:

- A -
   Abies alba (originally Pinus picea)
   Abies balsamea (originally Pinus balsamea)
   Achillea ageratum
   Aconitum pyrenaicum
   Adenophora lilifolia (originally Campanula lilifolia)
   Adhatoda vasica (originally Justicia adhatoda)
   Aethionema saxatile (originally Thlaspi saxatile)
   Aframomum grana-paradisi (originally Amomum grana-paradisi)
   Agaricus fimetarius
   Agriophyllum squarrosum (originally Corispermum squarrosum)
   Amomum cardamomum
   Amomum grana-paradisi
   Amomum zerumbet
   Amomum zingiber
   Anagallidium dichotomum (originally Swertia dichotoma)
   Andrographis echioides (originally Justicia echioides)
   Anthoxanthum indicum
   Anthoxanthum odoratum
   Anthoxanthum paniculatum
   Antirrhinum majus
   Antirrhinum orontium
   Arbutus acadiensis
   Arbutus unedo
   Arisaema pentaphyllum (originally Arum pentaphyllum)
   Arum pentaphyllum
   Arundo bambos
   Atractylis gummifera
   Azalea lapponica
- B -
   Bambusa bambos (originally Arundo bambos)
   Bignonia catalpa
   Biscutella didyma
   Blephilia ciliata (originally Monarda ciliata)
   Blitum capitatum
   Blitum virgatum
   Boerhavia diffusa
   Boerhavia erecta
   Boerhavia repens
   Boerhavia scandens
   Boesenbeergia rotunda (originally Curcuma rotunda)
   Bouchea prismatica (originally Verbena prismatica)
   Bryum trichodes
   Buphthalmum spinosum
- C -
   Campanula lilifolia
   Campanula uniflora
   Canna angustifolia
   Canna glauca
   Canna glauca (originally Canna angustifolia)
   Canna glauca (originally Canna glauca)
   Canna indica
   Caragana arborescens (originally Robinia caragana)
   Carlina gummifera (originally Atractylis gummifera)
   Carpinus betulus
   Carpinus ostrya
   Castanea sativa (originally Fagus castanea)
   Catalpa bignonioides (originally Bignonia catalpa)
   Caulophyllum thalictroides (originally Leontice thalictroides)
   Cedrus libani (originally Pinus cedrus)
   Centranthus calcitrapae (originally Valeriana mixta)
   Centranthus ruber (originally Valeriana rubra)
   Chamaecyparis thyoides (originally Curpressus thyoides)
   Cheiridopsis rostrata (originally Mesembryanthemum rostratum)
   Chelone hirsuta
   Chenopodium capitatum (originally Blitum capitatum)
   Chenopodium foliosum (originally Blitum virgatum)
   Chinanthus virginicus
   Chionanthus zeylonica
   Chionanthus zeylonicus (originally Chionanthus zeylonica)
   Chironia trinervia
   Chlora sessilis (originally Gentiana sessilis)
   Circaea alpina
   Circaea lutetiana
   Cistus guttatus
   Coccoloba uvifera (originally Polygonum uvifera)
   Comptonia peregrina (originally Liquidambar peregrina)
   Corispermum hyssopifolium
   Corispermum squarrosum
   Corylus avellana
   Corylus colurna
   Crocus sativus
   Cucumis anguria
   Cupressus disticha
   Cupressus sempervirens
   Cupressus thyoides
   Curcuma longa
   Curcuma rotunda
   Cynoglossum virginianum (originally Myosotis virginiana)
- D -
   Dendrolycopodium obscurum (originally Lycopodium obscurum)
   Diapensia lapponica
   Dicliptera chinensis (originally Justicia chinensis)
   Dicliptera sexangularis (originally Justicia sexangularis)
   Diphasiastrum complanatum (originally Lycopodium complanatum)
   Dolichos regularis
- E -
   Ecbolium ligustrina (originally Justicia ecbolium)
   Elettaria cardamomum (originally Amomum cardamomum)
   Erica umbellata
   Exacum trinervium (originally Chironia trinervia)
- F -
   Fagus castanea
   Fedia cornucopiae (originally Valeriana cornucopiae)
   Festuca paniculata (originally Anthoxanthum paniculatum)
   Festuca paniculata
   Fritillaria meleagris
   Fritillaria pyrenaica
- G -
   Galactia regularis (originally Dolichos regularis)
   Gentiana acaulis
   Gentiana sessilis
   Geum virginianum
   Glottiphyllum linguiforme (originally Mesembryanthemum linguiforme)
   Glycyrrhiza echinata
   Gratiola dubia
   Gratiola officinalis
   Gratiola peruviana
   Gratiola virginiana
- H -
   Homeria breyniana (originally Tulipa breyniana)
   Huperzia selago (originally Lycopodium selago)
- I -
   Iris aphylla
   Iris biflora
   Iris germanica
   Iris pumila
   Iris susiana
   Iris variegata
   Iris versicolor
- J -
   Jacobaea paludosa (originally Senecio paludosus)
   Jasminum angustifolium (originally Nyctanthes angustifolia)
   Jasminum azoricum
   Jasminum fruticans
   Jasminum humile
   Jasminum odoratissimum
   Jasminum officinale
   Jasminum sambac (originally Nyctanthes sambac)
   Jasminum sambac (originally Nyctanthes undulata)
   Juniperus barbadensis
   Juniperus bermudiana
   Juniperus communis
   Juniperus lycia
   Juniperus oxycedrus
   Juniperus phoenicea (originally Juniperus lycia)
   Juniperus phoenicea (originally Juniperus phoenicea)
   Juniperus thurifera
   Juniperus virginiana
   Justicia adhatoda
   Justicia betonica
   Justicia chinensis
   Justicia ecbolium
   Justicia echioides
   Justicia hyssopifolia
   Justicia nasuta
   Justicia procumbens
   Justicia purpurea
   Justicia repens
   Justicia sexangularis
- K -
   Kaempferia galanga
   Kaempferia rotunda
   Kalidium caspicum (originally Salicornia arabica)
   Kalidium caspicum (originally Salicornia caspica)
- L -
   Lappula squarrosa (originally Myosotis lappula)
   Larix decidua (originally Pinus larix)
   Lathraea anblatum
   Laurus borbonia
   Leersia oryzoides (originally Phalaris oryzoides)
   Leontice thalictroides
   Limniris versicolor (originally Iris versicolor)
   Lindernia dubia (originally Gratiola dubia)
   Liquidambar peregrina
   Liquidambar styraciflua
   Lonicera alpigena
   Lonicera caerulea
   Lonicera nigra
   Lonicera pyrenaica
   Lonicera tatarica
   Lonicera xylosteum
   Lycopodium complanatum
   Lycopodium obscurum
   Lycopodium selago
   Lycopus europaeus
   Lycopus virginicus
- M -
   Malva coromandeliana
   Malvastrum coromandelianum (originally Malva coromandeliana)
   Mertensia maritima (originally Pulmonaria maritima)
   Mertensia sibirica (originally Pulmonaria sibirica)
   Mertensia virginica (originally Pulmonaria virginica)
   Mesembryanthemum linguiforme
   Mesembryanthemum rostratum
   Misopates orontium (originally Antirrhinum orontium)
   Mnium hygrometricum
   Monarda ciliata
   Monarda clinopodia
   Monarda didyma
   Monarda fistulosa
   Monarda punctata
   Myosotis apula
   Myosotis lappula
   Myosotis scorpioides
   Myosotis virginiana
- N -
   Narcissus bulbocodium
   Narcissus jonquilla
   Narcissus poeticus
   Narcissus pseudonarcissus
   Narcissus serotinus
   Narcissus tazetta
   Neatostema apulum (originally Myosotis apula)
   Nyctanthes angustifolia
   Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
   Nyctanthes sambac
   Nyctanthes undulata
- O -
   Olea capensis
   Olea europaea
   Ononis variegata
   Ostrya carpinifolia (originally Carpinus ostrya)
   Oxalis versicolor
- P -
   Paederota bonarota (originally Veronica bonarota)
   Paliurus spina-cristi (originally Rhamnus paliurus)
   Pallenis spinosa (originally Buphthalmum spinosum)
   Papaver alpinum
   Patrinia sibirica (originally Valeriana sibirica)
   Pedicularis palustris
   Penaea mucronata
   Penstemon hirsutus (originally Chelone hirsuta)
   Peperomia maculosa (originally Piper maculosum)
   Peperomia nigropunctata (originally Piper acuminatum)
   Peperomia obtusifolia (originally Piper obtusifolium)
   Peperomia pellucida (originally Piper pellucidum)
   Peperomia rotundifolia (originally Piper rotundifolium)
   Peperomia trifolia (originally Piper trifolium)
   Perotis indica (originally Anthoxanthum indicum)
   Persea borbonia (originally Laurus borbonia)
   Phalaris oryzoides
   Phascum acaulon
   Phillyrea angustifolia
   Phillyrea latifolia
   Phyla nodiflora (originally Verbena nodiflora)
   Phyla stoechadifolia (originally Verbena stoechadifolia)
   Picea abies (originally Pinus abies)
   Picea glauca
   Pinguicula alpina
   Pinguicula lusitanica
   Pinguicula villosa
   Pinguicula vulgaris
   Pinus abies
   Pinus balsamea
   Pinus cedrus
   Pinus cembra
   Pinus larix
   Pinus picea
   Pinus pinea
   Pinus strobus
   Pinus sylvestris
   Pinus taeda
   Piper acuminatum
   Piper aduncum
   Piper amalago
   Piper betle
   Piper betle (originally Piper malamiris)
   Piper distachya (originally Piper distachyon)
   Piper distachyon
   Piper longum
   Piper maculosum
   Piper malamiris
   Piper nigrum
   Piper obtusifolium
   Piper pellucidum
   Piper peltatum
   Piper reticulatum
   Piper rotundifolium
   Piper siriboa
   Piper trifolium
   Piper umbellatum
   Pistacia lentiscus
   Platanus occidentalis
   Platanus orientalis
   Polygonum uvifera
   Polypremum procumbens (originally Veronica marilandica)
   Potentilla grandiflora (originally Potentilla verna)
   Potentilla monspeliensis
   Potentilla norvegica (originally Potentilla monspeliensis)
   Potentilla verna
   Priva lappulacea (originally Verbena lappulacea)
   Priva mexicana (originally Verbena mexicana)
   Prunus lusitanica
   Pulmonaria angustifolia
   Pulmonaria maritima
   Pulmonaria officinalis
   Pulmonaria sibirica
   Pulmonaria virginica
- Q -
   Quercus coccifera
   Quercus phellos
- R -
   Ranunculus aquatilis
   Ranunculus lanuginosus
   Rhamnus jujuba
   Rhamnus lotus
   Rhamnus oenopolia
   Rhamnus paliurus
   Rhamnus zizyphus
   Rhina canthus (originally Justicia nasuta)
   Rhododendron lapponicum (originally Azalea lapponica)
   Ribes cynosbati
   Ribes grossularia
   Ribes uva-crispa (originally Ribes grossularia)
   Ribes uva-crispa (originally Ribes uva-crispa)
   Robiniacaragana
   Rubus parvifolius
   Rungia repens (originally Justicia repens)
- S -
   Salicornia arabica
   Salicornia caspica
   Salicornia europaea
   Salicornia virginia
   Salvia aegyptiaca
   Salvia aethiopis
   Salvia africana (originally Salvia africana-caerulea)
   Salvia africana-caerulea
   Salvia africana-lutea
   Salvia aurea (originally Salvia africana-lutea)
   Salvia canariensis
   Salvia ceratophylla
   Salvia cretica
   Salvia dominica
   Salvia glutinosa
   Salvia haematodes
   Salvia hispanica
   Salvia horminum
   Salvia indica
   Salvia lyrata
   Salvia mexicana
   Salvia nutans
   Salvia officinalis
   Salvia officinalis (originally Salvia cretica)
   Salvia pinnata
   Salvia pomifera
   Salvia pratensis
   Salvia pratensis (originally Salvia haematodes)
   Salvia pyrenaica
   Salvia sclarea
   Salvia spinosa (originally Salvia aegyptiaca)
   Salvia sylvestris
   Salvia urticifolia
   Salvia verbenaca
   Salvia verbenaca (originally Salvia pyrenaica)
   Salvia viridis
   Salvia viridis (originally Salvia horminum)
   Scrophularia orientalis
   Senecio paludosus
   Solanum carolinense
   Solanum indicum
   Solanum peruvianum
   Solanum sodomeum
   Solanum violaceum (originally Solanum indicum)
   Solanum violaceum (originally Solanum sodomeum)
   Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
   Stahytarpheta jamaicensis (originally Verbena jamaicensis)
   Stachytarpheta orubica (originally Verbena orubica)
   Swertia dichotoma
   Syringa persica
   Syringa persica (originally Syringa persica)
   Syringa vulgaris
- T -
   Tamonea curassavica (originally Verbena curassavica)
   Taxodium distichum (originally Cupressus disticha)
   Taxus baccata
   Taxus nucifera
   Thlaspi saxatile
   Thuja occidentalis
   Thuja orientalis
   Torreya nucifera (originally Taxus nucifera)
   Trifolium uniflorum
   Tuberaria guttata (originally Cistus guttatus)
   Tulipa breyniana
- U -
   Utricularia bifida
   Utricularia caerulea
   Utricularia foliosa
   Utricularia gibba
   Utricularia minor
   Utricularia subulata
   Utricularia vulgaris
- V -
   Vaccinium stamineum
   Valeriana calcitrapae
   Valeriana celtica
   Valeriana chinensis
   Valeriana cornucopiae
   Valeriana dioica
   Valeriana locusta
   Valeriana mixta
   Valeriana montana
   Valeriana officinalis
   Valeriana phu
   Valeriana pyrenaica
   Valeriana rubra
   Valeriana saxatilis
   Valeriana sibirica
   Valeriana tripteris
   Valeriana tuberosa
   Valerianella locusta (originally Valeriana locusta)
   Verbena bonariensis
   Verbena curassavica
   Verbena hastata
   Verbena jamaicensis
   Verbena lappulacea
   Verbena mexicana
   Verbena nodiflora
   Verbena officinalis
   Verbena officinalis (originally Verbena spuria)
   Verbena orubica
   Verbena prismatica
   Verbena spuria
   Verbena stoechadifolia
   Verbena supina
   Verbena urticifolia
   Veronica agrestis
   Veronica alpina
   Veronica anagallis-aquatica
   Veronica aphylla
   Veronica arvensis
   Veronica beccabunga
   Veronica bellidioides
   Veronica bonarota
   Veronica chamaedrys
   Veronica hederaefolia
   Veronica hederifolia (originally Veronica hederaefolia)
   Veronica hybrida
   Veronica incana
   Veronica latifolia
   Veronica longifolia
   Veronica longifolia (originally Veronica maritima)
   Veronica maritima
   Veronica marilandica
   Veronica multifida
   Veronica officinalis
   Veronica peregrina
   Veronica peregrina (originally Veronica romana)
   Veronica romana
   Veronica scutellata
   Veronica serpyllifolia
   Veronica spicata
   Veronica spicata ssp. hybrida (originally Veronica hybrida)
   Veronica spuria
   Veronica teucrium (originally Veronica latifolia)
   Veronica triphyllos
   Veronica verna
   Veronica virginica
   Veronicastrum virginicum (originally Veronica virginica)
   Viburnum acerifolium
   Viburnum nudum
   Viciafaba
   Viola calcarata
- W -
- X -
- Y -
- Z -
   Zingiber officinale (originally Amomum zingiber)
   Zingiber zerumbet (originally Amomum zerumbet)
   Zizania aquatica
   Ziziphora acinoides
   Ziziphora capitata
   Ziziphora tenuior
   Zizyphus jujuba (originally Rhamnus zizyphus)
   Ziziphus lotus (originally Rhamnus lotus)
   Ziziphus mauritiana (originally Rhamnus jujuba)
   Ziziphus oenopolia (originally Rhamnus oenopolia)